Egyptian Religion

The Egyptians had strong religious beliefs. Two important gods of the Egyptians were Osiris, god of the Nile, and Isis, god of fertility. The Egyptians believed in many gods. They believed that many things held power. They worshipped gods of the stars, stones, and water. Each city had its own god or goddess. The local gods were not worshipped. They were thought of as someone to bargain with for favors. If you wanted your crops to grow, or wanted to heal an illness, you would take food or clothing to the local temple. The priest would take the offering and pray in a special language to the gods.

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Photos taken at Abydos - The Temple of Osirisv Osiris

Osiris

Photos courtesy and © 1992 Steven Beikirch, Ancient Egypt

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Photos taken at Aswan - The Temple of Isis Isis

Isis

Photos courtesy and © 1992 Steven Beikirch, Ancient Egypt

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Holy Family

Isis (mother)
drawn as a beautiful and graceful woman
Osiris (father)
king of the afterlife
often shown with face of the reigning pharaoh
Horus (son)
often drawn with the head of a falcon
traits - good hunter, can travel very fast

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Photos taken at Edfu - The Temple of Horus Temple of Horus
Horus
Photos courtesy and © 1992 Steven Beikirch, Ancient Egypt

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Partial List of Egyptian Gods

 

ammit.gif (1542 bytes) Ammut - part-crocodile and part-lion - fierce goddess

 

ra.gif (3207 bytes) Amun-Re - most powerful god of Egypt in New Kingdom; bringer of life - sun
anubis2.gif (2556 bytes) Anubis - jackal-headed god; god of the dead person; guardian of tombs and pyramids
bastet.gif (2357 bytes) Bastet - daughter of Re; head of a cat; goddess of joy
Bes - jolly dwarf-god

Hathor
Photo courtesy and ©1996 Richard Deurer,  Ancient Gallery Directory
Used with permission.

Hathor - cow-headed goddess - goddess of love, joy, women, childbirth, and music; protector of the dead

Photo of Hathor taken at Dendera - Temple of Hathor

horus.gif (3463 bytes) Horus - head of a falcon and carried an ankh in his right hand - son of Isis and Osiris who defeated his uncle Seth in battle and became ruler over Egypt; sky god, god of light and heaven
isis.gif (1729 bytes) Isis - symbol is a throne - Osiris's wife and mother of Horus" - goddess of maternal love
khnum.gif (2466 bytes) Khnum - body of a human and head of a ram; ruled over the dangerous Nile cataracts, or rapids
maat.gif (2196 bytes)

Maat - daughter of the sun god Re; goddess of justice and truth

(daughter of Osiris)

Egyptians believed that after you died. Osiris and Maat would meet you to weigh your heart. The heart was placed on one side of a scale and Maat's Feather of Truth on the other side. Forty-two gods or goddesses would interview the heart. They questioned it about crimes it may have committed. If the heart was light with no hate, the person would gain eternal life. If the heart was heavy, the goddess Ammut would eat it.

osiris5.gif (1928 bytes) Osiris - wrapped as a mummy - god of vegetation and the underworld (death)
ptah.gif (1816 bytes) Ptah - creator god; invented the arts (local god of the capital Memphis)
set.gif (2590 bytes) Seth - god of the desert; brother and murderer of Osiris
thoth.gif (1998 bytes) Thoth - head of an ibis (small bird), carried writing tools - god of the moon; god of scribes of writing; god of wisdom
Tauert - wife of Bes; the hippopotamus goddess
selkhet.gif (1754 bytes) Sekhmet -head of a lion - goddess of war