Remember these PLURAL RULES.
Rule 1 - To form the plural of most nouns you simply add an s to the end of the noun.
Rule 2 - If the noun ends in sh, ch, x, s, or z add es to make it plural.
Rule 3 - If a noun ends in a consonant plus y, the y changes to i before es is added. Note: If the noun ends in a vowel plus y, just add s.
Rule 4 - Most of the words that end with f, ff, or fe are made plural by changing the ending to -ves.
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In this lesson you will learn two additional plural rules.
Rule 5 - Words that end in o are usually made plural by adding s.
| Singular | Plural |
| poncho | ponchos |
| tobacco | tobaccos |
There are exceptions that must be memorized or looked up.
| Singular | Plural |
| echo | echoes |
| hero | heroes |
| potato | potatoes |
| tomato | tomatoes |
| torpedo | torpedoes |
There are two helpful rules:
- All words that end in a vowel plus o (ao, eo, io, oo, uo) have plurals that end in just s.
- All musical terms ending in o have plural ending in just s.
A few nouns ending in o have two plural forms.
| Singular | Plural |
| avocado | avocados OR avocadoes |
| buffalo | buffalos OR buffaloes |
| desperado | desperados OR desperadoes |
| domino | dominos OR dominoes |
| halo | halos OR haloes |
| hobo | hobos OR hoboes |
| lasso | lassos OR lassoes |
| mosquito | mosquitos OR mosquitoes |
| motto | mottos OR mottoes |
| tornado | tornados OR tornadoes |
| volcano | volcanos OR volcanoes |
| zero | zeros OR zeroes |
Practice - Write the plural form in the blank after each word.
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________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ |
Rule 6 - Some words are the same in both the singular and the plural forms.
| Singular | Plural |
| sheep | sheep |
| moose | moose |
| deer | deer |
| fish | fish |
| salmon | salmon |
| fish | fish |
| tuna | tuna |
| trout | trout |
| bison | bison |
| series | series |
| swine | swine |
| corps | corps |
Review of Rules 1 - 6
Circle the correct plural form of each word below.
| 19. enemy |
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| 20. hoax |
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| 21. halo |
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| 22. detour |
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| 23. quality |
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| 24. serum |
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| 25. sword |
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| 26. company |
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| 27. deer |
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| 28. infection |
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| 29. compress |
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| 30. dispatch |
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