Energy

The student will investigate energy and its uses.

Day 1 Heat Flow

1. Go over definitions of Conduction, Convection, and Radiation

Conduction

• Heat travels along a substance from molecule to molecule (between two materials that touch each other)
• Good conductors (silver, copper, gold)
• Poor conductors ( glass, paper, Styrofoam)

  Examples

  • water heating on an electric stove
  • hot sand touching your feet
  • touching a stove and being burned
  • ice cooling down your hand
  • boiling water by thrusting a red-hot piece of iron into it

Convection

• transfer of energy as it is carried through a liquid or gas

• heat transfer by a circulation of rising warm air (less dense) and sinking cooler air (denser).

• “Hot air rises” the more dense air sinks forcing the less dense air upward

Examples

• macaroni rising and falling in a pot of heated water

• heat rising from a chimney

• an old-fashioned radiator (creates a convection cell in a room by emitting warm air at the top and drawing in cool air at the bottom)

Radiation

• This carries energy from the hot object and causes it to cool down.
• the movement of heat in a wave-like motion through an empty space

Examples

• sunlight
• heat from toaster
• heat from a light bulb
• heat from a fire
• heat from anything else which is warmer than its surroundings.

2. PowerPoint http://www.myteacherpages.com/webpages/mbushway/files/Conduction-Convection-Radiation%20Power%20Point.ppt
3. Website on Heat Transfer http://www.wisc-online.com/objects/index_tj.asp?objID=SCE304
4. United Streaming Exploring Heat - The Movement of Heat (03:38)
5. Video Take a Look 2 - Heat (10 minutes)

Quiz Which type of heat transfer is taking place?

Write Conduction, Convection, or Radiation in the blank spaces to show the type of heat transfer.

_________________		hot water rises and cold water sinks
_________________		stir frying vegetables
_________________		a spoon in a cup of hot soup becomes warmer
_________________		grilling hamburgers over a charcoal flame
_________________		hot air balloon rises
_________________		you feel the heat from a campfire
_________________		a raw egg begins to fry as it hits a heated frying pan
_________________		Heated air rises, cools, then falls.  Air near heater is replaced by cooler air, and the cycle repeats.
_________________		boiling potatoes in water
_________________		microwave oven
_________________		propane heater
_________________		basement is cooler than attic
_________________		radiator warms your hands
_________________		a person takes a warm bath
_________________		heat from a light bulb
_________________		hot pan is cooled by running it under cold water
_________________		you get sunburned
_________________		warm water at the surface of the swimming pool
_________________		irons
_________________		wind currents

Answer Key

1. hot water rises and cold water sinks - Convection
2. stir frying vegetables - Conduction
3. a spoon in a cup of hot soup becomes warmer - Conduction
4. grilling hamburgers over a charcoal flame - Radiation
5. hot air balloon rises
6. you feel the heat from a campfire - Radiation
7. a raw egg begins to fry as it hits a heated frying pan - Conduction
8. Heated air rises, cools, then falls.  Air near heater is replaced by cooler air, and the cycle repeats. - Convection
9. boiling potatoes in water - Convection
10. microwave oven - Radiation
11. propane heater - Radiation
12. basement is cooler than attic - Convection
13. radiator warms your hands - Convection
14. a person takes a warm bath - Conduction
15. heat from a light bulb - Radiation
16. hot pan is cooled by running it under cold water - Conduction
17. you get sunburned - Radiation
18. warm water at the surface of the swimming pool - Convection
19. irons - Radiation
20. wind currents - Convection

Sources or Information

• Quia Quiz http://www.quia.com/pop/10875.html?AP_rand=789462092

• Experiment - Three Methods of Cooking Popcorn http://outreach.physics.utah.edu/labs/atmosphere/popcorn.html

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Day 2 Energy

1. Using information from Fourth Grade Energy Lessons, complete the following:

   • Definition of Energy

     What is energy?

     It is not matter; it does not have mass. You cannot hold it in your hand. Energy appears in many forms including heat, sound, nuclear, radiant, chemical, mechanical, and electromagnetic.

     Sources of energy come from the forms of energy. We use energy sources to generate electricity for our homes, businesses, and schools. Sources of energy include: solar, food, wood, coal, oil, natural gas, water, wind, electricity, and biomass.

      

   • “What is Energy?”

     Energy makes everything go!
     Energy makes light bulbs glow,
     Cars go,
     Fans blow
     And you grow!
     Energy makes microwaves cook
     and TVs look
     and powers you to read a book!
     Energy makes plants grow
     and horses out of hay

      

    

2. Worksheet "What is Energy?" from Evan-Moor Giant Science Resource Book page 253

3. Time for Kids "Energy is Everywhere" http://www.timeforkids.com/TFK/media/teachers/pdfs/energystudentmag.pdf (8 page booklet)

4.  Video - Take A Look Episode Energy

5. The Law of Conservation

Energy cannot be created or destroyed but can change from one type to another.

5. United Streaming Basics of Physics: Exploring Energy The Law of Conservation of Energy (04:35)

6. Popcorn Experiment http://icecube.wisc.edu/outreach/activities/popcorn.php

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Day 3 Wave Properties

1. Using information from Fourth Grade Energy Unit http://www.pinejog.org/WebPages/Teacher%20Resources/Sci%20FL%20working%20copy.doc  go over background information for sound from Day 2 page 23.

2. Using Fourth Grade Energy Unit complete Guided Practice: “Sound is Vibration” page 24.

3. Video Take a Look 2 Sounds

4. Explain that like sound, heat and light also move from one place to another by electromagnetic waves.

5. Show video explaining types of electromagnetic waves. http://www.teachersdomain.org/resources/phy03/sci/phys/energy/nasaspectrum/index.html

6. Go over definitions of Amplitude, Wavelength, Frequency, & Wave Speed
    

   Amplitude

   • height of a wave
   • larger the amplitude - the more energy is carried

   Wavelength

   • distance between 2 adjacent troughs or rarefactions
   • shorter wavelengths carry more energy

   Frequency

   • number of waves in a given amount of time
   • measure by counting the number of crests or troughs that pass by a given point in one second

   Long Wavelengths - low frequency

   Short Wavelengths - high frequency

   Wave Speed

   speed = wavelength x frequency

   waves travel at different speed in water than in air

7. Website - Parts of a Wave http://id.mind.net/%7Ezona/mstm/physics/waves/partsOfAWave/waveParts.htm (good illustrations for the parts of a wave)
    

8. United Streaming Exploring Sound  - The Speed of Sound (02:17) & Rates of Vibration in Sound (07:14)

   United Streaming Basics of Physics: Exploring Sound - Frequency (02:24)

    

9. Take Quiz

    

   Quiz on Lesson 2 Waves
    

   1. Which letter is the wavelength?

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
5. E

2. The amplitude of the wave in the diagram above is given by letter _____.

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
5. E

3. Indicate the interval which represents one full wavelength.

   

   1. A to C
   2. B to D
   3. A to G
   4. C to G

4. What is illustrated?

   

   1. amplitude
   2. interference
   3. frequency
   4. wavelength

5. What is illustrated?

1. amplitude
2. interference
3. frequency
4. wavelength

6. In a wave, the distance between the crest and a trough is:
    

   1. wave height
   2. wave period
   3. frequency
   4. wavelength
      
       
7. The frequency of a wave is:
    
   1. The power per unit area of a wave.
   2. The distance between two successive crests
   3. The number of waves per second
   4. How long a wave takes to pass a point

8. What is illustrated?

1. amplitude
2. crest
3. trough
4. wavelength

9. What is illustrated?

   

   1. amplitude
   2. crest
   3. trough
   4. wavelength

    

 

Answer Key

1. A

2. D

3. D

4. D

5. A

6. A

7. C

8. B

9. C

Sources or Information

Basic Electromagnetic Wave Properties Java Tutorial http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/java/wavebasics

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Day 4 Wavelengths

Star Light, Star Bright http://amazing-space.stsci.edu/resources/explorations/light/star-light-science.html

Choose "Back to the Lesson" button.

Four Lessons

Catch the Waves

Making Waves

Heating Up

Stellar Encounters

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Day 5  Mechanical Energy

1. Go over definitions of potential and kinetic energy

Kinetic Energy  (energy of motion)

Potential Energy (stored energy of position)

2. BrainPop http://www.brainpop.com/science/energy/potentialenergy/
   BrainPop http://www.brainpop.com/science/energy/kineticenergy/
    

3. Spool Racer http://www.teachersdomain.org/resources/phy03/sci/phys/mfe/zsplcar/index.html (Video shows how to make a spool racer) Have students make a spool racer, then discuss when it has potential and kinetic energy.

   
    

4. Take Quiz

    

   Quiz on Lesson 5  -  Potential or Kinetic Energy
   Write potential or kinetic in each blank to show the type of energy present.

   1. __________________		a drawn bow
   2. __________________		an arrow after just hitting its target
   3. __________________		lowered wrecker ball
   4. __________________		raised wrecker ball
   5. __________________		stretched rubber band
   6. __________________		rubber band on a table
   7. __________________		a running lawn mower
   8. __________________		lawn mower filled with gas
   9. __________________		a car at the bottom of a hill
   10. __________________		a car at the top of the hill
   11. __________________		students waiting to go home from school
   12. __________________		students running home
   13. __________________		leaping frog
   14. __________________		roller coaster traveling downhill
   15. __________________		resting lion
   16. __________________		a runner waiting for the starting pistol to sound

    

Sources or Information

Energy Kids' Page http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energyfacts/science/formsofenergy.html

Physics Classroom Tutorial http://www.glenbrook.k12.il.us/gbssci/phys/Class/energy/u5l1a.html

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Day 6 Types of Energy

1. Go over Main Forms of Energy

1. Mechanical Energy (energy of muscle or motion)

   • mechanical energy describes the potential and kinetic energy present

   • energy an object has because of its motion or position

   • energy stored in objects by the application of a force

   Examples

   • water falling

   • wind blowing

   • person running
      

2. Chemical Energy (stored in fuels such as charcoal, gasoline, or food)
    

3. Electrical Energy (electricity - energy stored in electrons)
    

4. Light Energy (energy in the form of rays)
    

5. Nuclear  Energy (energy stored in the nucleus or center of an atom)

   when atoms splits it releases energy called fisson
   when atoms fuse they create energy

6. Heat Energy (movement of the particles that make up matter)

   movement of atoms
   the faster the movement the more heat

   Example

   • rubbing hands together

2. United Streaming Exploring Energy 17:05

   Exploring Energy (17:05)

   Energy shows itself in many forms, from electronic to heat, or from kinetic motion to the chemical. Energy of our food. Energy is neither created nor destroyed, but just changes from one form to another. These conversions are examined and illustrated for the elementary grades.

   Blackline Masters   Teacher's Guide   Curriculum Standards  

3. Go through blackline master activities and worksheets from United Streaming link above.

Sources or Information

Worksheet with Answers http://www.gdc.asn.au/ecobus/modules/pdf%20secondary/types%20of%20energy%20worksheets%20expected%20responses.pdf

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Day 7 Energy Transfers

1. United Streaming Basics of Physics: Exploring Energy - The Seven Forms of Energy: Mechanical, Heat, Chemical, Electrical Radiant, Nuclear, and Sound (05:05)

2. Worksheet http://qldscienceteachers.tripod.com/worksheets/junior/physics/misc_energy_transform.doc

3. Have students draw energy transformations

Examples:

chemical energy  → motion energy	→
chemical  energy→ mechanical  energy	→
TCAP Coach Example page 136 (Read Chemical Energy Transformation)

chemical  energy → electrical energy → light energy	→ →
TCAP Coach Examples page 136-137 (Read Electric Energy Transformations)
electrical energy → heat energy	→
electrical energy → light energy	→
Examples Food Energy: Piece of fruit. Food is consumed by people for energy. The energy allows people to keep their heart beating and body growing. Wood Energy: Pencil or desk. Used in wood-burning stoves or a campfire. Coal Energy: Charcoal. Burned to heat homes and run electrical machines. Oil Energy: A bottle of motor oil. Petroleum products similar to motor oil is burned to fuel                     motor vehicles and heat homes. Natural Gas Energy: Lighter or candle. The flame represents the natural gas used to heat           homes. Water (Hydropower) Energy: Glass of water. Use waterfalls or waterwheels to generate                                                   energy. Wind Energy: Pinwheel or fan. Use windmills to generate electricity. Electric Energy: Light bulbs in class. Makes things run. Biomass Energy: Trash can with garbage. Organic material which has stored sunlight in the                               form of chemical energy.

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Day 8  Behavior of Light

1. Go over definitions for Reflection, Absorption, and Refraction.
   
    

   Reflection	- bouncing of light off a surface Examples looking in a mirror bright snow on a sunny day   The color of an object affects how much light is reflected. (white →→ most light reflected back out, black  →→  almost none is reflected back)
   Absorption	- means the object takes in the light dark objects absorb much of the light
   Refraction	- is the change in direction of light, change in speed caused the light to change direction or bend   Examples sun shining through a window objects at the bottom of a lake appear to be in a different location than they really are

2. Rainbow Applet http://mysite.verizon.net/vzeoacw1/rainbow.html & http://mathdemos.gcsu.edu/mathdemos/MCRain/MCRain.html

3. Images of Refraction

   Refraction Pics http://lifshitz.ucdavis.edu/~dmartin/phy7/7C/Refraction/Refraction.html

4. Video 321 Classroom Contact #24 Light and Color (15 minutes) & Video 321 Classroom Contact #26 Light Refraction (15 minutes)

5. Experiments

   • Bouncing Back http://www.tooter4kids.com/Light_Color/reflection_activities.htm

   • Energy and Change Light http://www1.curriculum.edu.au/sciencepd/light/intro.htm

Light Experiments Using a flashing, mirror, prism, curved tin, etc. students conducted a number of light experiments.

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Day 8 Nuclear Power

1. Read TCAP Coach Lesson 25

2. How Stuff Works http://www.howstuffworks.com/nuclear-power.htm (huge photo gallery)

3. Nuclear Power http://www.solcomhouse.com/nuclear.htm  (Map with locations of nuclear power plants & graphics at bottom of page show how nuclear power plants work)

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General Resources on Energy

• Science Focus Lesson: 4th Grade Energy
• http://www.emints.org/ethemes/resources/S00001582.shtml