Egypt

Time Periods

6.5.1	WH 1, 2	Read a timeline and order events of the past between prehistory and the Renaissance.
6.5.7	WH 1, 2	Recognize major historical time periods (i.e., Early Civilizations, Classical Period, Dark Ages, Middle Ages, and Renaissance).

Map Reading SPIs

6.3.1	G	Identify the basic components of a world map (i.e., compass rose, map key, scale, latitude and longitude lines, continents, and oceans).
6.3.2	G	Identify basic geographic forms (i.e., rivers, lakes, bays, oceans, mountains, plateaus, deserts, plains, and coastal plains).
6.3.4	G	Identify geographic reasons for the location of population centers prior to 1500 (i.e., coastal plains, deserts, mountains, and river valleys).
6.3.5	G	Use a variety of maps to understand geographic and historical information (i.e., political maps, resource maps, product maps, physical maps, climate maps, and vegetation maps).
6.3.3	G	Identify the location of early civilizations on a map (i.e. Mesopotamian, Egyptian, Ancient Chinese, Indian).

Culture SPIs

6.1.5	WH 1, 2	Identify differences between various cultural groups (i.e., European, Eurasian, Indian, Southeast Asian, Middle Eastern, African, and Native American).
6.1.6	G	Recognize reasons that cultural groups develop or settle in specific physical environments.
6.5.11	WH 1, 2	Identify characteristics including economy, social relations, religion, and political authority of various societies (i.e., Mesopotamian, Egyptian, Greek City-States, Roman Empire, Indian, and Medieval).
6.5.17	WH 1	Recognize the significant mythologies of the Sumerians, Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans.
6.5.4	WH 1	Recognize the forms of early world writing (i.e. cuneiform and Egyptian/Native American Hieroglyphics).
6.1.7	WH 1	Identify how early writing forms in Mesopotamia, Egypt, and the Indus Valley influenced life (i.e., legal, religious, and culture).
6.5.12	WH 1, 2	Recognize the possible causes of change in civilizations (i.e., environmental change, political collapse, new ideas, warfare, overpopulation, unreliable food sources, and diseases).
6.1.1	G	Recognize the basic components of culture (i.e., language, common values, traditions, government, art, literature, and lifestyles).
6.5.3	WH 1, 2	Identify types of artifacts by pictorial representation (i.e., Egyptian, Roman, Greek, Chinese, Native American, Medieval, and Renaissance).
6.1.3	WH 1	Recognize the world's major religions and their founders (i.e., Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism, Moses, Jesus, and Mohammed).

Economy SPIs

6.2.4

Recognize the importance of economic systems in the development of early civilizations around rivers (i.e., Tigris and Euphrates, Huang He, Nile, and Indus).

Government

6.4.5		Compare and contrast the lives of individual citizens in various governmental organizations (i.e., monarchial systems, feudal systems, caste systems, and democratic systems-Greek).
	WH 1, 2	Recognize the impact of individuals on world history (i.e., Charlemagne, Joan of Arc, William the Conqueror, Ramses II, Julius Caesar, Socrates, Aristotle, Marco Polo, Alexander the Great, King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella, Martin Luther, and Johannes Gutenberg).
6.4.1	GC	Recognize types of government (i.e., formal/informal, monarchy, direct/indirect democracy, republics, and theocracy).

Lesson Plans (10 Days)

Day 1

Using a World Continent Map color in the location of the Ancient Egyptian Empire. 6.3.3
Create a Timeline 6.5.1, 6.5.7
Ancient Egypt Time Line (History Pockets: Ancient Civilizations pages 8-9)
Introduction (History Pockets: Ancient Civilizations pages 35-37)

Egyptian Timeline

BCE																	AD
3500	3200		2900	2600		2300	2000		1700	1400	1100		800	500	200	1		200
Sumerians 3500-2340 BCE								Babylonian Empire 1900 - 1100 BCE
					Akkadian Empire 2370-1900 BCE							Assyrian 1100-612 BCE
		Egyptian Empire 3100-30 BCE

· 4400-4000 BC 1st Farming Villages

· 3000 BC - First Use of Irrigation

· 3200 BC - 1st Hieroglyphics

· 3100 BC - Menes united Upper and Lower Egypt 1st Dynasty

· 2660 BC - First Step Pyramid build at Saqqara

· 2500 BC - Great Pyramid of Giza built

· 2400 BC - First Obelisks built

· 1479 BC - Hatshepsut became first female pharaoh.

· 1352 BC - Akhenaten and his wife Queen Nefertiti tried to get Egyptians to believe in one god.

· 1279-1213 BC - Ramses II

· Between 1300 and 1150 BC - Moses leads Israelites out of Egypt

· 525 BC - Persians invade Egypt

· 332 BC - Alexander the Great Invades Egypt

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Add to Egyptian Organizer throughout unit.

Environment

very dry

except by Nile River Egypt is desert

capital of ancient Egypt - Memphis

Government

First known national government when Menes united Upper and Lower Egypt

Ruled by pharaohs for 31 dynasties, rulers from the same family, who inherited their positions

Pharaohs were supreme rulers who issued laws, ran the army, managed the economy, etc.

Social Class System

Pharaoh -complete control
Viziers - 2 advisors - one for each Upper and Lower Egypt
Overseers - each responsible for a particular part of government
Nomarchs - governors for each of 42 districts
Scribes - writers & record keepers
Craft workers
Farmers

Religion

Government and religion closely connected - Egyptians believed pharaohs were all-powerful gods on Earth

Worshipped many deities (gods and goddesses)

built temples

Money

barter system used

Taxes - People paid in goods, usually crops, and services such as serving in military or helping to build a monument

During New Kingdom grew rich by trading in gold and controlling Asian mines

Egypt

Entertainment

Nile River source of recreation - fishing, sailing, swimming, playing games

Literature

Most Egyptians were not literate

Only government officials called scribes could read

Architecture

homes made from mud bricks

stone pyramids

pylon (wall decorated with carvings that stood at the entrance of temples)

Obelisks (stone column which were wider at base than point) erected at entrances of temples

Traditions and Common Values

Believed in life after death or the afterlife

70 day mummification process conducted by 4 priests

Form of Writing/Language

Hieroglyphics (alphabet with picture symbols) used on tombs and temples

used two other writing forms to use when in a hurry called hieratic and demotic writing used for keeping records

Rosetta Stone

storytelling popular

Art

Gods, goddesses, and pharaohs drawn with faces from the side but torsos facing front (called frontalism)

Sculptures (The Sphinx)

Music part of religious functions, festivals, and parties played harps, lutes, flutes, and drums

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Day 2 - Location

Map Activities 6.3.1, 6.3.2, 6.3.5
- History Pockets: Ancient Egypt page 7
- Political Maps of Africa pages 14-15
- Egypt and the Nile (Harcourt Brace Social Studies Activity Book page 15)
- Life Along the Nile (History Pockets: Ancient Civilizations page 41)
Lecture Notes 6.3.4 & 6.2.4
- Although Egypt big country - important part is just the Nile River and along each bank (rest is desert)
- 6000 years ago many thousands of people lived along the Nile as farmers
- Nile is 4000 miles from Lake Victoria in central Africa to Mediterranean Sea (world's longest river)
- rich delta soil used by early man to grow wheat and barley - also helped raise sheep, goats, and cattle
- By 5000 BC small villages around delta - could grow 2 to 3 harvests a year
- first to use calendar (365 days) to help predict flooding
Discuss first box on graphic organizer labeled Environment. 6.3.4
Activity - "Along the Nile" (History Pockets: Ancient Egypt pages 10-12) 6.3.4
Watch TLC Elementary School - People Around the World - People of the Nile (14:35) 6.3.4

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Day 3 - Government & Social Class System 6.4.5 & 6.5.11

Lecture
- government headed by the pharaoh or king 6.4.1 (theocracy)
- Egyptians believed pharaoh was a god in human form
- pharaoh issued laws, ran the army, managed the economy
- Many helped pharaoh
  - Social Class System 6.5.11
    - Pharaoh -complete control
    - Viziers - 2 advisors - one for each Upper and Lower Egypt
    - Overseers - each responsible for a particular part of government including tax collection, royal granaries, and law courts
    - Nomarchs - governors for each of 42 districts
    - Scribes - writers & record keepers
    - Craft workers
    - Farmers
- See Egypt's Social Pyramid Harcourt Brace Social Studies page 116
- Worksheet "Pyramid of Power" & "The Egyptian Times" - (History Pockets: Ancient Egypt pages 32-33)
- Worksheets from Harcourt Brace Social Studies Activity "In Memory of King Tutankhamen" pages 16-17 and "The Pharaoh Queen" page 19
Famous Egyptian Pharaohs (A Gallery of Rulers from History Pockets: Ancient Egypt pages 36-42)
- Menes
- Hatshepsut - first female pharaoh - temple at Deir el Bahari in Thebes http://www.mce.k12tn.net/ancient_egypt/hatshepsut.htm
- Akhenaten and his wife Queen Nefertiti (believed in one god) http://www.mce.k12tn.net/ancient_egypt/nefertiti.htm http://www.mce.k12tn.net/ancient_egypt/akhenaten.htm
- Ramses II 6.6.2 http://www.mce.k12tn.net/ancient_egypt/ramesses_ii.htm
- King Tutankhamen http://www.mce.k12tn.net/ancient_egypt/king_tutankhamen.htm
  Worksheet (Harcourt Brace Social Studies Activity Book pages 16-17)
- Cleopatra
Discuss second two boxes on graphic organizer labeled Government and Social Class System.
Show video TLC Elementary School - Great Egyptians - Hatshepsut, Tutankhamen, & Cleopatra
Art Activity Pharaoh Head Attire

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Day 4 - Moses 6.1.3

Tell story of Moses using manipulatives.
atch video The Prince of Egypt.

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Day 5 - Religion 6.5.11

Lecture
- had strong religious beliefs
- used stories about their gods to explain nature
- 2 important gods were Osiris and Isis
  - Isis (goddess of fertility - more crops and more children)
  - Osiris (god of the Nile)
- believe in life after death
- built many tombs and mummified the bodies
- buried with all kinds of things - plates, bowls, combs, etc.
- on walls of tombs were painted pictures of servants and soldiers ( would be there to serve pharaoh in afterlife)
- did not believe in heaven or hell
- did have priest to keep people on their good behavior
- priest performed ceremonies and festivals
Tell the story of Osiris, Horus, and Isis 6.5.17
- story found in Mummies, Tombs, and Treasure - Secrets of Ancient Egypt by Lila Perl pages 18-22
- show the CD Archibald's Guide to the Mysteries of Ancient Egypt
Discuss box on graphic organizer labeled Religion.
Egyptian Gods and Goddesses pages 20-21
Make amulets. (History Pockets: Ancient Egypt page 21)

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Day 6 - Mummies

Lecture
- 70 days to prepare mummy
- organs removed and placed in canopic jars
- 4 jars
  - baboon head held lungs
  - human head held liver
  - hawk (falcon) head held intestines
  - jackal head held stomach
- body covered with slat and left to dry
- body wrapped in 20 layers of lime
- each layer sealed with resin
- body treaded with oils
- wrapped in linen
- masks
- coffin funeral procession to bury in pyramid
Show video Reading Rainbow Mummies Made in Egypt

http://shopgpn.com/stores/1/guides/rr/54.pdf
Discuss box on graphic organizer labeled Traditions and Common Values.
Make mummy masks

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Day 7 - Pyramids

Lecture

Show pictures from the book Pyramid
- pyramids were tombs for the kings of Egypt
- The Great Pyramid was for the pharaoh Khufu
  - (450 feet high) - as tall as a 45 story skyscraper
  - each side of the base 755 feet long - longer than 2 football fields
  - 100,000 workers needed to complete project
  - most workers slaves
  - other workers were farmers who cut stone or dragged stone blocks to the building site after harvest season ended
  - pharaoh paid these workers with food and clothing
Show video TLC Elementary School - Ancient Times - Pyramids of Egypt (7:10)
Discuss box on graphic organizer labeled Architecture.
Build a pyramid.
- Pop up model from Pyramids to Pueblos
- History Pockets: Ancient Civilizations page 43

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Day 8 - Hieroglyphics 6.5.4 & 6.1.7

Lecture
- Hieroglyphs or picture writing were painted or carved on stone
- some drawn on paper made from the papyrus plant
- Rosetta Stone found in Egypt in 1799
  - contained the same passage written 3 times
  - once in Greek and in 2 different Ancient Egyptian styles
Show piece of papyrus
CD - CD Archibald's Guide to the Mysteries of Ancient Egypt - explains how the writing was done.
Show video TLC Elementary School - Ancient Times - Hieroglyphics (5:45)
Discuss box on graphic organizer labeled Form of Writing/Language.
"Egyptian Symbols for Numbers" page 25 & "The Rosetta Stone" page 30
Hieroglyphic Alphabet (History Pockets: Ancient Egypt page 78)
Make cartouche. Download font from http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/people/gardiner/gardiner.htm

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Day 9 - Daily Life 6.5.3, 6.5.11, 6.5.3, & 6.1.1

Lecture
- economy
  - most men farmers
  - careers included craftsman, priests, tomb builder, scribe, soldier
  - most women worked at home
- common values
  - commoners lived in cramped villages
  - wealthy lived in estates on outskirts
  - women and children greatly respected
  - women treated equally to men and could own land
- traditions
  - at age 7 boys of wealthy families went to school
  - everyone wore makeup
- art
  - Gods, goddesses, and pharaohs drawn with faces from the side but torsos facing front (called frontalism)
- literature
  - Most Egyptians were not literate
  - Only government officials called scribes could read
- lifestyles
  - most went barefoot or wore sandals
  - clothes make of linen
  - girls wore pigtails & boys shaved heads except for a braided tuft on one side (show pictures from Growing Up in Ancient Egypt by Rosalie David)
Discuss boxes on graphic organizer labeled Art, Money, and Entertainment.
Words to Know (hieroglyphics, papyrus, pharaoh, & pyramid) Make study guide History Pockets - Ancient Civilizations pages 33 & 11
Make booklet If You Lived in Ancient Egypt (History Pockets: Ancient Egypt pages 22-26)
Activity - "Frontalism" (History Pockets: Ancient Egypt pages 85-86) & "How to Draw Egyptian-Style" pages 14-15 6.5.3
Booklet If You Lived in Ancient Egypt (History Pockets: Ancient Egypt pages 22-26)

Day 10 - Fall of the Ancient Egyptian Empire 6.5.12

Lecture
- after Tutankhamen's death wealth began to slip away
- By 1075 BC New Kingdom ended
- Next 700 years, ten-dynasties ruled the Egyptian people (most from outside Egypt
- rule by outsiders caused Egyptian civilization to weaken
Words to Know (pyramid, pharaoh, papyrus, and hieroglyphics) Make study guide History Pockets - Ancient Civilizations pages 33 & 11
Ancient Egyptian Tourist Attractions page 22-23
"You Are the Archeologist" page 34

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Grade Sheet

Resources

Videos

TLC Elementary School - Great Egyptians - Hatshepsut, Tutankhamen, and Cleopatra
TLC Elementary School - Ancient Times - Ancient Egypt (8:45), Hieroglyphics (5:45), & Pyramids of Egypt (7:10)
TLC Elementary School - People Around the World - People of the Nile (14:35)
The Face of King Tutankhamen
Reading Rainbow - Mummies Made in Egypt

Classroom Books

Pyramid by David Macaulay
Drawing History Ancient Egypt by Elaine Raphael and Don Bolognese
Mummies, Tombs, and Treasure - Secrets of Ancient Egypt by Lila Perl
Growing Up in Ancient Egypt by Rosalie David
Mummies - A Very Peculiar History
Magic Tree House Research Guide - Mummies and Pyramids by Will and Mary Pope Osborne
Mummies Made in Egypt by Aliki
Peoples of the Past - The Ancient Egyptians - Life in the Nile Valley by Viviane Koening and Veronique Ageorges
Conversations with Mummies by Rosalie David and Rick Archbold
Gift of the Nile - An Ancient Egyptian Legend by Jan Mike
Make Your Own Egyptian Pyramid by James Putnam
Pyramids
The Hieroglyphs Handbook - Teach Yourself Ancient Egyptian by Philip Ardagh