Time Periods

Map Reading SPIs

Culture SPIs

Economy SPIs

Government

Lesson Plans (10 Days)

Day 1

1. Using a World Continent Map color in the location of the Ancient Greece Empire. 6.3.3 Map
   Other Maps of Ancient Greece

   • http://www.unc.edu/awmc/downloads/wlAncientGreece.pdf

   • http://classroomclipart.com/cgi-bin/kids/imageFolio.cgi?direct=History/Ancient_Civilizations/Ancient_Greece/Maps
      

2. Create a Timeline 6.5.1, 6.5.7 http://www.schoolsliaison.org.uk/kids/siteactivities/timelinegreek.pdf

3. Ancient Greece Timeline (History Pockets: Ancient Greece pages 8-9)  6.5.1, 6.5.7

4. Introduction (History Pockets: Ancient Civilizations pages 47-49)

Greece Timeline

• around 1900 BCE people of Crete (Minoans) built palaces

• 776 BCE - First Olympics

• about 750 BCE - Early Greek culture. Homer writes the epics 'The Iliad' and the 'Odyssey'.

• 508 BCE - Democracy begins in Athens

• 490 and 480 BCE - Greeks defeat Persian invaders at the battles of Marathon (490 BC) and Salamis (480 BC).

• 479 BCE - Golden Age of Athens begins

• 472 - 410 BCE - Greeks theatre thrives in Athens. Many of the most famous Greek plays are written during this time

• 469-399 BCE - Socrates

• by 450 BCE - Athens becomes a very powerful city, and controls an empire.

• 432 BCE - The Parthenon in Athens is finished being built

• 431 - 404 BCE - the Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta

• 427-347 BCE - Plato

• 404 BCE - Sparta defeats Athens.

• 384-322 BCE - Aristotle

• 336 - 323 BCE - Alexander the Great, son of Philip, conquers most of the known world as far east as India.

• 146 BCE - Rome conquers Greece - Greece becomes part of the Roman empire.

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Add to Greek Organizer throughout unit.

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Day 2 - Location & Early History

1. Map Activities 6.3.1, 6.3.2, 6.3.5, 6.5.11, 6.1.6

   • Map of Ancient Greece (History Pockets: Ancient Greece page 7)

   • A Nation of Islands, Peninsulas, and Water (Harcourt Brace Social Studies Activity Book page 45)

2. Lecture Notes 6.3.4 & 6.2.4

   • rough mountainous country

   • many islands

   • hot in summer, not very cold in winter

   • doesn't rain much
      

   • Greeks moved into this part of the world 4000 years ago (2000 BCE)

   • settled into towns on or near the Ionian, the Aegean, and the Mediterranean Seas

   • came in groups and settled together in tribe

   • city-states developed because of Greece's geography. Greece is very mountainous with many isolated valleys.

   • liked to put towns on hills

   • built acropolis on hills in the center of town

   • acropolis was a group of buildings used as place for religious festivals, banks, and fortress

   • called settlements city-states (city-state - A state made up of an independent city and the land around it.)

   • Each city-state had its own laws and government. There were over 100 city-states in Ancient Greece. These city-states could not get along with each other.
      

   • first major civilization in the Mediterranean area was the Minoan Civilization (muh-NOH-uhnz)

   • named after King Minos (MY-nuhs) and began about 2500 BCE

   • skilled architects and built beautiful palaces

   • masters at jewelry and pottery making

   • developed a system of writing

   • Around 1600 B. C. the Mineoans became weak (from fire or earthquake) and the Greeks, who were called Mycenaens (my-shu-NEE-uhnz) after their largest city Mycenae (my-SEE-nee) became stronger.

   • Finally the Mycenaens landed in Crete and destroyed Knossos (NAHS-uhs) largest palace

   • Mycenaen controlled Greece from 1450 - 1100 BCE

   • adapted Minoan art, writing, and religious beliefs

   • Dorians moved into area after civilization weakened

   • From 1100 to 800 B. C. Ancient Greece went through a dark ages

3. Writing

   • The Greek Alphabet  (History Pockets: Ancient Greece page 78)

   • Using Greek Root Words (Harcourt Brace Social Studies Activity Book page 46)

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Day 3 - Government & Social Class System 6.4.5 & 6.5.11

1. Lecture

   • three kinds of governments in city states

     • tyrant (dictator)

     • democracy (people vote for leaders and laws)

     • aristocrats (leading families - some good and some bad)

   • city-states always fighting each other

• Government in Athens

  • first to believe in democracy and trial by jury

  • set up assembly where male citizens could speak and vote

  • 6,000 citizens had to be present for a meeting to take place

  • assembly met every 9 or 10 days

  • debated proposals made by Council (500 citizens-50 elected from each of 10 tribes in Athens)

  • 10 strategol (military commanders) elected yearly led Council
     

  • jury of 201 to 2001 heard about crime and voted to decide if person was innocent or guilty

  • punishment fit crime

  • people were not put in prison

2. Make juror's ballots (History Pockets: Ancient Greece page 40)

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Day 4 - Religion 6.5.11, 6.5.17

1. Lecture

   • believed in dozens of gods

   • gods were like people (fought, stole from each other, played tricks)

   • Greeks made up stories about all the happenings. These were called myths.

     Main Gods

     Zeus	king of the gods
     Poseidon	god of the sea
     Hades	god of the underworld
     Athena	goddess of wisdom
     Apollo	god of light and truth, healing, archery, music
     Hera	queen of the gods, wife of Zeus
     Aphrodite	goddess of love and beauty
     Ares	god of war
     Hephaestus	god of the forge
     Artemis	goddess of the moon, the hunt, of children
     Demeter	goddess of the harvest, of agriculture
     Hermes	god of motion, sleep and dreams, travelers, thieves

2. Show video - TLC Elementary School - Ancient Times - Statue of Zeus (2:55)

3. The Parthenon Shape Book (History Pockets: Ancient Greece pages 52-54)

4. The Parthenon (History Pockets: Ancient Greece pages 68-70)

5. Greek Gods and Goddesses (History Pockets: Ancient Greece pages 43-45)

6. Greek Architecture (History Pockets: Ancient Greece page 66)

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Day 5 - Daily Life 6.5.3,  6.5.11, 6.5.3, &  6.1.1

1. Lecture

   • economy

     • only a few types of natural resource led Greeks to look outside for trade

     • from 3000-1550 BCE great trading center grew up on island of Crete (south of Greece)
        

   • traditions

     • theater

       • first dramas were performed by just one actor with a chorus of about 50 who helped him tell the story

       • Every year two festivals were held in Athens: the Great Dionysia and the Lenaea. These festivals included contests for the best tragedy and best comedy.

       • first plays were to honor Dionysus (the god of the theater)

       • open air theaters built into hillside with circular stage built later

       • theaters in Athens and Epidaurus could hold 15,000 and the one in Argos seated 20,000

       • Three types of drama were acted out.

         • Comedy - often mocked men in power. Famous comedy writers were Aristophanes and later Menander.

         • Tragedy - plays about love, loss, pride, the abuse of power. These were often about the gods and men. Usually one character commits a great crime, then realizes his error. The three great playwrights of tragedy were Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides.

         • Satyr - short plays were performed between the acts of tragedies. They made fun of the predicament of the tragedy's characters.
            

   • boys and girls brought up at home until age 7

   • boys went to school at age 7

   • girls stayed home and learned from their mothers

   • art 6.5.3

     • Greek pottery used as containers

       • decorated in black-figure method (black figures pained on red clay)

       • red-figure method figures were etched directly into red clay and background filled in with a solution that turned black

   • literature

     • poetry considered fine art - men recited poems at festivals
     • epic poems most popular (long poems that told stores of heroes from past)
     • Greek plays were meant to show people how to behave.
       • tragedy
       • comedy

   • lifestyles

     • men had more freedom than women. Women led sheltered lives - devoted to home and family

     • people lived in one- or two-story houses built around a courtyard

       • made from mud-brick and plaster

       • roofs covered with clay tiles

     • women and children lived separately from men in larger homes

     • meal included bread, fish, goat cheese, and vegetables

     • ate almonds, figs, apples, grapes, and pomegranates

     • wore simple rectangular woolen or linen tunics called chitons

     • wore leather sandals when outdoors

     • bathed regularly and rubbed olive oil onto skin

2. Words to Know (agora, chiton, columns, and myths) Make study guide History Pockets - Ancient Civilizations pages 45 & 11

3. A Greek Home ((History Pockets: Ancient Greece page 25))

4. Theater Masks (History Pockets: Ancient Greece pages 56-57)
     Make masks by dying pasta with food coloring. Glue the pasta to a piece of black poster board to show a mood that a Greek actor might be experiencing during a drama.

5. The Agora (History Pockets: Ancient Greece pages 57-58)

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Day 6 - Olympics

1. Lecture

   • first held in 776 BCE

   • The games were held every four years at four different shrines:
     • Olympia - Zeus honored
     • Nemean Gamea at Nemea (in southern Greece) - Zeus honored
     • Isthmian Games at Isthmia in Corinth -  Poseidon honored
     • Pythian Games at Delphi - Apollo honored
   • city-states would stop fighting each other to go to the games
   • lasted for one week
   • The first day of the event ceremonies and sacrifices took place
   • On the closing day a victory banquet for the winning athletes and a procession was held.
   • In the fifth century BCE there were eight events for adults and three for children
      

     • first and only event was 2000-yard footrace called stade

     • later sporting events added

       • chariot and horse races held in hippodrome (open air stadium)

       • five-event pentathlon

         • discus

         • javelin throwing

         • long jumping

         • running

         • wrestling

   • winners given a wreath of olive branches

2. The Olympic Torch (History Pockets: Ancient Greece pages 87-90)

3. Olympic Sports (History Pockets: Ancient Greece page 92)

4. Your own Olympics

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Day 7 - Literature and Philosophers

1. Lecture

   • Philosophers 6.6.2

     • Socrates (469-399 BCE) Socrates was one of the most famous philosophers. His way of teaching used questions and answers. When Socrates was old, he was sentenced to death by poison because he disagreed with the government.

     • Plato (427-347 BCE) Plato was a student of Socrates. He wrote a book called Republic about the best way to govern a state.

     • Aristotle (384-322 BCE) Aristotle was a student of Plato and taught Alexander the Great. He was a good scientist.
        

   • Aesop's Fables

     • born in the year 620 BCE in Greece

     • born slave - freed by second master

     • raised status

     • became ambassador

     • One of these missions was the cause of his death. Croesus sent Aesop to Delphi with a large sum of gold to distribute among the citizen. Aesop was provoked by the Delphians and refused to divide the money. He took it back to Sardis. The Delphians accused him of disrespecting the gods. He was executed as a criminal.

     • fables were not written down for over 200 years
        

   • Homer, a blind poet, wrote 6.1.4

     • The Iliad (15,000 verses)

       • tells about the Trojan War

     • Odyssey (11,000 verses)

       • tells of the long journey of Odysseus to his home after fighting in the Trojan War

   • Myths

     • The Trojan Horse

     • Hercules and the Twelve Labors 
       http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/Herakles/labors.html http://www.factmonster.com/ipka/A0882073.html

     • Oedipus and the Sphinx

2. Socrates, A Great Teacher (History Pockets: Ancient Greece pages 38-39)

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Day 8 - Persian Wars

1. Lecture

   • The Persian Wars lasted for twenty years; Athens and Sparta fought together to defeat the Persian invasion.

   • Greeks built city-states along east side of Aegean Sea

   • city-states did not like Persian rule (dictator)

   • war began

   1. First Invasion

      • 490 BCE Darius I (Persian King) decided to conquer all of Greece

      • tried to conquer Marathon (a beach which was 26 miles from Athens)

      • Persians lost

      • a soldier ran 26 miles from Marathon to Athens to tell the good news (why we call 26 mile race a marathon)

      • the Persians were short on supplies and went back to Persian

   2. Second Invasion

      • 480 BCE Xerxes (ZERK-seezs) (Persian King) gathered a huge army (200,000 soldiers in 800 ships)

      • attacked Thermopylae (place north of Athens)

      • 300 Spartans fought until last man fell

      • Persians headed to Athens

      • people left Athens before Persians got there

      • Persians sacked then burned Athens

      • Persians defeated by the navy in a bloody sea battle

      • Xerxes went home, but left a large army

      • Spartans and Athenians fought Persian army together and Greeks won
        
        Persians never fought again
         

2. The Greeks used the large deposits of clay to make pottery. By the year 1000 BC Athens had become one of the leading cities in making pottery. The pots were both functional and beautiful. The Greeks made two basic kinds of pottery. One was the red-figured and the other was black-figured. We simply used red and black clay to form these red and black figured Greek style vases.

3. Greek Art  (History Pockets: Ancient Greece page 67)

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 Flow Chart of the Persian Wars

2. Greek Military Equipment (History Pockets: Ancient Greece page 16) 6.5.5

3. Winning the Persian Wars (History Pockets: Ancient Greece pages 17-18)

4. Drawing History:  Ancient Greece page 23 soldier
    

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Day 9 - Athens Sparta War

1. Lecture

   • many pirates

   • Athenians had best navy so they said they'd get rid of pirates

   • Athenians did get red of pirates, but kept on collecting ships and money which they used to build a big empire
      

   • War

   • Sparta and other city-states fought Athens over this^

   • had trouble fighting because Athens sea power and Sparta land power
      

   • Spartans burned crops and cut down olive trees

   • then plague broke out in Athens

   • killed 1/4 of people and Pericles (PAIR-uh-kleez) (their king)

   • living on food shipped in from the Black Sea

   • Spartan fleet cut off food supply

   • in 404 BCE Athenians surrendered

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Flow Chart of Greeks fighting Greeks

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2. Athens and Sparta Brains v. Brawn (History Pockets:  Ancient Greece pages 10-12)

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Day 10 - Philip II and Alexander the Great 6.6.2

1. Lecture

   Philip

   • Macedon had more land than other city-states, yet country poor

   • Philip became King

   • smartest leaders in history

   • built up every part of country

   • built up trade

   • built roads

   • helped farmers grow more crops

   • built army

   • taught army better ways to fight

     • built siege machinery

     • built rams for knocking down walls

     • built machines for throwing rocks

   • tried to talk before fighting

   • talked neighbor city-states into joining him

   • conquered land to the east and north

   • decided to conquer Persia

   • to be able to do this he had to conquer all of Greece

   • Athens and Thebes put armies together and met Philip at Chaeronea

   • Philip won

   • Philip assassi9nated at feast

   • His son Alexander 20 years old

   Alexander the Great

   • Alexander decided to carry out his father's plan

   • first battle was at river Granicus

   • Philip won

   • went down coast then south into Syria

   • Darius III (king) escaped

   • Alexander took Egypt

   • then headed north fought Darius and Gaugamela

   • Alexander won (Darius escaped again)

   • Darius later killed

   • Alexander took Persepolis (set fires to palaces)

   • turned east fought all the way to India

   • Alexander's army refused to go further

   • Alexander died of fever after 12 years of fighting

   Greek influence lasted for hundreds of years

   150 BCE Greeks were conquered by Rome

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Flow Chart of Alexander the Great